Public utility management in australia Term Paper

Public utility management in australia - Term Paper Example According to the Australian Government's Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, Australia 'monitors and accounts for its greenhouse gas emissions from land based sectors in its national inventory through the Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System (AGEIS) which accounts for the methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock and crop production, while theNational Carbon Accounting System(NCAS) is currently designed toward accountability of carbon emissions from agriculture, deforestation and forestry.ii Now hosting the Sixth Annual Climate Change and Business Conference 2010, Australia has consecutively shown its commitment to a global market respondent to privatization of the energy market, and competent governance of those shifts through apt structural adjustment of the nation's energy policy.iii Much of what goes into legislative policy intended for the 'public good.' Investment in environmental mitigation in the business community is typically responsive to regulatory compliance or venture capital promise. The globalization of natural resources and attendant policies has resulted in a dictatorship of the energy sector as the foremost priority within international governance. This is not to say that real political transformations amongst states have not also contributed to this new regime of power. For instance, since the collapse of the former Soviet Bloc countries, Eastern European energy resource management has been one of the core economic interests of international energy holdings vested in the transition from state to privatized incorporation. The structural adjustment policies of the 1990s, which led to privatization policies in second world economies are still affecting the administrative capacity behind energy resource distribution to populations dependent upon tho se forces of negotiation between international energy management stakeholders, and sometime corrupted or underdeveloped legal and regulatory capacity in those states.iv In Australia, the widely acceptable practice of retraction of central authority toward intense regulation of the industry by way of law, rather than volunteerism, was extended to states which now determine the regulatory relationship between energy and consumer market. Comparatively, Australia has done much in terms of promoting advancements in energy innovation as well, with an eye on technology and proximity to the Asian market, Australia is well poised to participate fully and competitively in the new global energy market. The global picture outside the region also reveals distinctions. It is through an examination of the dense regulatory structure of the United States that we can see what Australia is, and what it is not, in terms of party to international policy. Without such as radical window of comparison, in a parallel common law setting, we might not see the business, legal and political culture(s) at work in two distinct economies of scale. In the United States, where the e nergy industry has been the intense focus of scrutiny in response to high level hazard incidents, such as the Three Mile Island case. Amid reconfiguration of nuclear power as part of a matrix of alternative, 'clean air' energy options, there is a significant push toward advancement of regulatory competence. The essay focuses on the impact of the climate change

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Research Paper

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment - Research Paper Example There is a misplaced perception among the masses that child abuse is only sexual in nature. But emotional neglect of the child’s needs and desires by parents or guardians also constitutes child abuse. Childhood is very fragile and emotionally sensitive in nature. It is during this tender age that a child’s perspective and sense of self-worth is formed. Thus, child abuse can have detrimentally and long-lasting effects on the overall health of a child. Child abuse is more prevalent in developing and underdeveloped countries than the developed ones. In the face of grim poverty and starvation, children often become the innocent victims of multiple forms of abuse. In some countries, instances of child abuse are also driven by local myths and traditions. For example, in South Africa, it is believed that sexual intercourse with a virgin would cure a man of HIV.  The practice of child abuse has existed in some form or the other since time immemorial. It was a normal practice for early Greek and Roman civilizations to abandoned deformed or unwanted children, and to offer children as sacrifices to appease the gods. Similar practices were performed in Carthaginian, Roman, Greek, and Aztec societies. In Roman society, the father had absolute authority over his child's life. Sexual abuse of children was also common, but it was never perceived as being illegal or even immoral. It was rather a traditionally accepted phenomenon. But as humankind has progressed as a civilization, attitudes regarding child abuse have drastically changed and rightly so. Child abuse is now recognized as a grotesque social crime, one that can leave ugly scars on a child's life. Not only does it ruin the innocence of the child, but it also leads to psychological problems in adult life. Traditionally, child abuse has been categorized in the following ways- neglect, physical abuse, psychological/emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Of the total reported cases of child abuse, neglect repr esented 54% of confirmed cases of child abuse, physical abuse 22%, sexual abuse 8%, emotional maltreatment 4%, and other forms of maltreatment 12% (National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse). Neglect can imply a situation where the parents fail to satisfy the basic needs of the child including physical, emotional and educational needs. Physical Abuse refers to any act of physical violence committed against a child. Psychological or emotional abuse denotes a pattern of behavior that impedes a child's psychological growth and development. This includes perennial criticism of the child, rejection and all other activities which would adversely affect a child's sense of self-worth. Sexual abuse, which has a rather hazy definition, involves any sexual act between an adult and a child. The more explicit form of sexual abuse occurs when a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult. The more subtle form of sexual abuse, though just as serious, is when "an adult indecently expos es their genitalia to a child, asks or pressures a child to engage in sexual activities, displays pornography to a child, or uses a child to produce child pornography." (Martin et al, 383). Studies have revealed that nearly 15% to 25% of women and 5% to 15% of men were sexually abused when they were children. (Kevin et al, 391).